Quick Summary:
Google Search Operators restrict your searches and provide reliable results.
- Exact Match Searches: Enter search phrases in quote marks (“”) for exact match results.
- Exclude Words: Enter the word you wish to exclude from search results with a hyphen (-).
- Exclude Exact-Match Phrases: Enter your search word in quotations (“”), followed by a hyphen (-), and type the phrase to exclude.
- OR: This command tells Google to show results for either keyword before and after OR.
- Customize OR Command: First insert one search term in quotation marks (“”) before the OR command, then enter the following phrase.
- Wildcard: An asterisk (*) between the search word shows variations and generates additional content suggestions. Command: search*term.
- Include Words (+): Find results using several phrases using plus.
- AROUND (): Search for sentence phrases near each other with AROUND.
- Specific Site Search: Site:yourwebsite.com “Search term” returns site-specific results.
- Search Related Sites: See sites linked to a website you know using linked: site name.
- Cached Versions: The cache: site name syntax shows when Google indexed a web page’s most recent cached version.
- Specific Domain Type: Use site:domain type to find domain-specific search results.
- Range of Numbers: Use two periods (..) between starting and finishing numbers for number range searches.
- Page Titles: Use intitle:keyword to filter page title results by keyword.
- Phrases in Page Title: Using the allintitle: phrase command, you can get results that have a particular phase included in the page title.
- Keyword in Page Content: To locate any page that has the specified keyword anywhere in the content, use the intext:search term command.
- Phrases in Page Content: Use the command allintext:phrase to find pages that include phrases anywhere in the text body.
- Keyword in the Anchor Text: You can look for a specific keyword in the anchor text by using the anchor:keyword command.
- Keyword in the URL: When searching within the URL, use the inurl:keyword command to locate a term.
- Content by a Specific Author: Use the allinpostauthor:name command to construct a shortlist of the writing produced by your favorite author.
- Location: Utilize the location operator’s loc:name to do efficient local searches.
- Unsecured Pages: Use the site:yoursite.com -inurl: https command to find pages on a website that might be dangerous.
- Definition: Use the define: search term command to find out what a keyword means.
- File Types: Use the search operator to get search results based on the type of file. Filetype: indicate the format of the file.
Google search operators: the complete list
An overview of the tasks performed by each Google search operator is provided below.
They fit into three categories that I’ve created:
- Working: Works as intended.
- Unreliable: Although Google hasn’t formally deprecated it, the results are inconsistent.
- Not working: Officially deprecated by Google.
Here’s the full list:
Working
| Search operator | What it does | Example |
|---|---|---|
“ ” | Search for results that mention a word or phrase. | “steve jobs” |
OR | Search for results related to X or Y. | jobs OR gates |
| | Same as OR: | jobs | gates |
AND | Search for results related to X and Y. | jobs AND gates |
- | Search for results that don’t mention a word or phrase. | jobs -apple |
* | Wildcard matching any word or phrase. | steve * apple |
( ) | Group multiple searches. | (ipad OR iphone) apple |
define: | Search for the definition of a word or phrase. | define:entrepreneur |
cache: | Find the most recent cache of a webpage. | cache:apple.com |
filetype: | Search for particular types of files (e.g., PDF). | apple filetype:pdf |
ext: | Same as filetype: | apple ext:pdf |
site: | Search for results from a particular website. | site:apple.com |
related: | Search for sites related to a given domain. | related:apple.com |
intitle: | Search for pages with a particular word in the title tag. | intitle:apple |
allintitle: | Search for pages with multiple words in the title tag. | allintitle:apple iphone |
inurl: | Search for pages with a particular word in the URL. | inurl:apple |
allinurl: | Search for pages with multiple words in the URL. | allinurl:apple iphone |
intext: | Search for pages with a particular word in their content. | intext:apple iphone |
allintext: | Search for pages with multiple words in their content. | allintext:apple iphone |
weather: | Search for the weather in a location. | weather:san francisco |
stocks: | Search for stock information for a ticker. | stocks:aapl |
map: | Force Google to show map results. | map:silicon valley |
movie: | Search for information about a movie. | movie:steve jobs |
in | Convert one unit to another. | $329 in GBP |
source: | Search for results from a particular source in Google News. | apple source:the_verge |
before: | Search for results from before a particular date. | apple before:2007-06-29 |
after: | Search for results from after a particular date. | apple after:2007-06-29 |
Another option is to use Google Autocomplete’s wildcard function, the _ operator.
Unreliable
| Search operator | What it does | Example |
|---|---|---|
#..# | Search within a range of numbers. | iphone case $50..$60 |
inanchor: | Search for pages with backlinks containing specific anchor text. | inanchor:apple |
allinanchor: | Search for pages with backlinks containing multiple words in their anchor text. | allinanchor:apple iphone |
AROUND(X) | Search for pages with two words or phrases within X words of one another. | apple AROUND(4) iphone |
loc: | Find results from a given area. | loc:”san francisco” apple |
location: | Find news from a certain location in Google News. | location:”san francisco” apple |
daterange: | Search for results from a particular date range. | daterange:11278-13278 |
Not working (officially dropped by Google)
| Search operator | What it does | Example |
|---|---|---|
~ | Include synonyms in the search. Dropped in 2013. | ~apple |
"+" | Search for results mentioning an exact word or phrase. Dropped in 2011. | jobs +apple |
inpostauthor: | Search for posts by a specific author in the discontinued Google Blog Search. | inpostauthor:”steve jobs” |
allinpostauthor: | Same as inpostauthor:, but removes the need for quotes. | allinpostauthor:steve jobs |
inposttitle: | Search for posts with certain words in the title in Google’s discontinued Blog Search. | inposttitle:apple iphone |
link: | Search for pages linking to a particular domain or URL. Dropped in 2017. | link:apple.com |
info: | Search for information about a specific page or website. Dropped in 2017. | info:apple.com |
id: | Same as info: | id:apple.com |
phonebook: | Search for someone’s phone number. Dropped in 2010. | phonebook:tim cook |
# | Search for hashtags on Google+. Dropped in 2019 when Google+ shut down. | #apple |

